Receiver Architectures
نویسنده
چکیده
Topics 1. Main analog components for receivers-amplifiers-filters-mixers-oscillators 2. Receiver architectures and their properties-superheterodyne principle-direct conversion-DC offsets as a challenging problem-low IF, Weaver-effects of I/Q imbalance 3. Non-idealities and performance meatrics of the analog front-end modules-sensitivity, dynamic range-noise figure-intermodulation distortion, IP3-system calculation principles-leakage, spurious frequencies-phase noise Receiver Architectures • Amplification to compensate for transmission losses • Selectivity to separate the desired signal from others • Tunability to select the desired signal • Conversion to digital domain In the following we examine different receiver architectures and non-idealities affecting in the different building blocks used in the receivers. • Amplifiers-Low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) in the first stages.-Automatic gain control (AGC) needed to cope with different signal levels. • Filters-Impossible to achieve sufficient selectivity by tunable RF filters (operating in the RF frequency band of the modulated signal) to separate the desired signal from others.-Sufficient selectivity can be achieved by fixed (RF or IF) filters based on special technologies (SAW, Surface Acoustic Wave, ceramic, crystal, mechanical) or active analog filters operating on basedband or low bandpass center frequencies or multirate digital filters up to some hundreds of MHz range.
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